Ukukhulisa iitumato ngembewu: Amaxesha okulima, umgquba, kunye nemiyalelo

Iitumato ezikhule ekhaya ukusuka kwimbewu ukuya kwisivuno esikhulu

Iingcebiso malunga nokukhula kweetumato ukusuka kwimbewu. Iquka indawo yokufumana imbewu ye-heirloom, indlela yokuhlwayela ngayo, inzuzo yokukhula kwimbewu, ukunkcenkceshela kunye namaqondo obushushu, kunye neyona compost ingcono ukuyisebenzisa. Ibandakanya iividiyo zokufundisa ezimbini.

Eli phepha lisenokuba nekhonkco elidityanisiweyo . NjengoMdibaniso weAmazon ndifumana umvuzo ngokuthenga okufanelekileyo.

Eli licandelo lokuqala leeTomato eziKhulayo ukusuka kuthotho lwembewu. Iyaqhubeka kunye ukukhahlela izithole , ukutyala iitumato kwi-greenhouse, ukuyikhulisa, ukuvuna iziqhamo, ukugcina imbewu , kunye nokugcina iitumato.

Esinye sezona zityalo zinencasa kwaye zixabiseke kakhulu ukukhula yitumato ethobekileyo. Iphunga lamagqabi alo ashushu lilanga lifana nehlobo kwaye oko ngaphandle kwebhaso langempela - isiqhamo. Uya kubabona beqala njengeentyatyambo ezincinci ezityheli. Emva kokuthunyelwa kwemvumvuzelwano baye baphuhlise ithupha elincinane eliluhlaza elidumba kakhulu ukusuka kolukhuni nokuluhlaza ukuya kutsho kumbhobho omenyezelayo. Iindidi zecherry ezincinci, iiromas ezinobungakanani obuphakathi, kunye neeheirlooms ezinkulu eziqingqiweyo. Imilo yabo emihle kunye nemibala yabo yodlulwa kuphela bubumnandi babo obumnandi. Akukho venkile yetumato inokukhuphisana ngencasa.

Ngokuchasene noko kubonakala ngathi, akunzima ukukhulisa iitumato, nakwimbewu. Le yeyokuqala kuthotho lwamaqhekeza endibelana ngawo kulo nyaka ukukunceda ukuba uqalise. Siza kuqala ngokukhulisa iitumato ukusuka kwimbewu. Iziqwenga zamva ziya kugubungela ukukhahlela, ukutyala ngaphandle, ukutya kwesityalo setumato, ukubetha, ukuvuna, kunye nokugcina iitumato.

Iitumato sele ziza kugalelwa

Khula kwizityalo okanye kwimbewu

Uninzi lwabantu lukhulisa iitumato zabo kwizityalo ezincinci abazithenga entwasahlobo. Ziqhelekile ngokwaneleyo ukuba zifumane zombini kwiziko lakho legadi lendawo okanye nakwi-intanethi. Kulungile ukuqala ngale ndlela kwaye kunokonga ixesha elininzi ukuba ubaleka kade.

Ndinezityalo kumhlobo wam olima iitumato ngokurhweba kwaye uthunyelwe nezityalo zeplagi ezincinci ezivela kwinkampani yembewu. Nam ndiyaqala izityalo ze-tomato ukusuka kwi-cuttings kwaye ubusika phezu kwazo kwaye ukhulise iitumato kwimbewu. Indlela nganye inexesha kunye nendawo yayo kodwa kukho iingenelo zokwenyani zokuqalisa ngembewu.

Imbewu ixabisa ngaphantsi kunezityalo, kumnandi ukukhula kuba inokuhlwayelwa kwangoko enyakeni, kwaye kukho iindidi ezothusayo zokukhula.

I-Currant Tomato zizinyanya zeentlobo zetumato zanamhlanje kwaye zivelisa amakhulu eziqhamo ezilingana nebhastile okanye ezincinci.

Iinzuzo zokukhula kwetumata kwimbewu

Zikhona ngoku 10,000 imihlanganisela yetumato emhlabeni. Zingaphi kwezo odibana nazo njengezityalo ezithengiswayo? Ukukhula kwimbewu kuthetha ukuba unokhetho oluninzi kwiintlobo zetumato ofuna ukuzikhulisa. Ukusuka kumaqunube amancinci iitumato zecurrant kwiintlobo zebeefsteak ezinobunzima obufikelela kwiiponti ezintathu xa kuvunwa njengeGigantomo.

Kulo nyaka ndikhula iintlobo ezintlanu, zonke zikwindlu yam eqhelekileyo yobushushu. Baquka uAilsa Craig, Black Russian, Sunold, Red Pear, kunye neCostoluto Fiorentino.
Ezinye zeendawo ezilungileyo zokufumana imbewu yetumata enqabileyo kwaye engaqhelekanga ziikhathalogu zembewu ye-heirloom. Nazi ezinye iindawo onokukhangela kuzo kwi-intanethi.

Imbewu yeTomato e-USA
• I-Tomatofest (ineentlobo ezingama-650 onokukhetha kuzo)
• Imbewu ye-Baker Creek Heirloom
• Utshintshiselwano lwabagcini bembewu

Imbewu yeTomato e-UK
• Izityalo eziMahluko
• I-Victory Nursery
• Inkampani yeMbewu yokwenyani

Ukukhulisa iitumato ngokwenyani ukuchwetheza

Abanye abantu baya kuchaza ukuba iitumato zikhula ngokulula kumavolontiya akwimfumba ye-compost, okanye kwimbewu yeetumato zevenkile enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono kakhulu ukuqala izityalo zakho ukusuka kwimbewu okanye ukusikwa.

Esona sizathu sibalulekileyo kukuba ukhulise izityalo zakho ngokwenyani ukuchwetheza. Iitumato ziyakuvuthelana ngemvumvuzelo enye kwenye, ngoko ke imbewu ekwiimeko ezingaziwayo zokukhula ikushiye nezityalo ezivelisa uhlobo olwahluke kakhulu lwesiqhamo. Umzekelo, ukukhula kwembewu kwitumato enkulu kunokubangela izityalo ezivelisa iitumato ezincinci ezinencasa eyahlukileyo, ukumila kunye nombala. Kukungcakaza.

Iitumato emarikeni zisenokuba nemvumvuzelwano eyahlukileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba naziphi na izityalo ezikhuliswe kwimbewu yazo zinokuvelisa iindidi zeziqhamo ezingalindelekanga.

Ukulawula uMjikelo wokuKhula

Ukukhulisa iitumato kwimbewu nako kukwenza ukwazi ukulawula umjikelo wokukhula kwesityalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungakhetha ixesha lokuhlwayela, indlela yokukhulisa, kunye nexesha lokuvuna.

Apha kwi-Isle of Man sinemozulu ekhethekileyo. Ubuncinci bobushushu basebusika buziiqondo ezilishumi kuphela ezingafaniyo neqondo lobushushu lasehlotyeni. Ngokusisiseko, ayifane ibe ngumkhenkce apha okanye ibe shushu. Amagqabi aluhlaza ayayithanda kodwa izityalo ezithanda ubushushu ezifana neetumato ziyasokola.

Ukulima iitumato kwiindawo ezininzi eBritani kufuneka uqalise imbewu kwangethuba, ukhulise izityalo, kwaye uzityale kwi-greenhouse okanye i-poly tunnel xa ingozi yeqabaka idlulile. Kunzima ukukhulisa iitumato zangaphandle apha ngenxa yobushushu obupholileyo kunye neBlight, isifo sokungunda.

Oku kuthetha ukuba izityalo zetumato ezikhula kumavolontiya azifane zibe nexesha elaneleyo lokuvelisa iziqhamo apha. Ukuqala ngabom izityalo zetumato kwindawo ezinzima kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kwesivuno okanye hayi.

Liliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala imbewu yetomato

Ixesha ohlwayela ngalo imbewu yetumato ayithethi ukuba umva wepakethi yembewu uthini. Wonke umntu oodola ezo mbewu, ukusuka eAlaska ukuya eTexas, uya kuba nolwazi olufanayo alunikwayo. Kukho izinto ezimbini eziyalela ukuba elona xesha lini na ukuba uhlwayele imbewu yakho. Indawo yokutyala kunye nemihla yokugqibela yeqabaka.

Indawo yokutyala

Kunzima ukukhulisa iitumato ngaphandle eBritani ngenxa yezizathu ezibini - ubushushu kunye neBlight. Iitumato zidinga ikhusi emoyeni nakwingqele kunye nelanga elininzi elishushu. I-Blight yi-fungus ehamba emoyeni echaphazela iitumato kunye neetapile kwaye ichitha iitom ezininzi zangaphandle. Yiyo loo nto uninzi lwethu lukhetha ukukhulisa izityalo zethu zetamatato phantsi kwekhava kwi-poly tunnels, greenhouses, okanye kwindawo efudumeleyo yogcino-mali endlwini.

Abo kuni kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo ngaphandle kweBlight baya kuba nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo lokulima iitumato ngaphandle. Ukuba akuqinisekanga malunga nokuba kufuneka ulime phi iitumato, buza ummelwane, iziko legadi, okanye iqela legadi lasekuhlaleni. Bayazi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yommandla wakho.

Imbewu yetamatato encinci akufuneki ingcwatywe nzulu kakhulu. Kucetyiswa ukuba bagqunywe nge-1.5 millimeters ye-compost kuphela

Qala iitumato phantsi kwekhava ekupheleni kobusika

Nje ukuba uyazi indawo, unokwenza isigqibo malunga nexesha lokuhlwayela imbewu yetumato. Ingcebiso ngokubanzi kukuhlwayela iiveki ezi-6-8 ngaphambi komhla wakho wokugqibela weqabaka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintsuku ezimbini zokugqibela zeqabaka ekufuneka uziqwalasele kwaye ziya kunxulumana ngokuthe ngqo apho uceba ukutyala iitumato zakho.

Ukuba utyala phantsi kwekhava, izityalo zakho ziya kuba nokhuseleko olungakumbi. Ukuba utyala ngaphandle kwangoko kakhulu ungaphulukana nazo zonke izityalo zakho ezixabisekileyo.

Umndilili kunye neMihla yokuGqibela yeFrost ekhuselekileyo

Uninzi lwemihla yokugqibela yeqabaka oyifumana kwi-Intanethi yimihla yokugqibela yeqabaka. Oko kuthetha ukuba kwi-avareji yonyaka awuyi kuphinda ubone iqabaka emva kwaloo mhla. Oku akusoloko kunjalo nangona kunjalo.

Umzekelo, owam umhla wokugqibela weqabaka yi-31st kaMatshi. Noko ke, ngomnye unyaka saba nekhephu kangangeemitha ezintandathu ngoAprili. Yiyo loo nto ndithatha umhla woku-1 kuMeyi njengomhla okhuselekileyo wokusetyenziswa njengomhla wokugqibela weqabaka kutyalo lwangaphandle. Ndinolwazi oluthe kratya ngeentsuku zokuqala zokuhlwayela imbewu ngaphezulu Apha .

Hlwayela iitumato zakho ukuze zilungele ukutyalwa emva kokuba umngcipheko weqabaka uphelile

Umgquba okhupha simahla

Ukuba uqala imbewu yetamatati ngaphakathi, njengoko uninzi lwethu lusenza kwangoko enyakeni, akufuneki usebenzise umgquba wegadi okanye umhlaba. Kungenxa yokuba zombini ziqulethe imbewu yokhula, umngundo, kunye neentsholongwane ezinokuthi zibulale izithole zakho. Yimeko eyahlukileyo yokuhlwayela imbewu ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni xa iqala ukufudumala. Ezo zinto zilawulwa ngakumbi kwindawo yazo yendalo.
Nangona abantu abaninzi beza kusebenzisa umgquba oqhelekileyo oneenjongo ezininzi, kungcono ukusebenzisa umgquba wokugalela isithombo wasimahla ukuze uqalise iitumato, iiaubergines (isitshalo seqanda), iipepile kunye nezinye izityalo ezifussy. Kwiintsuku zabo zokuqala, baya kuba nezondlo ezigcinwe kwimbewu ngokwayo ukuze baqalise.

Khumbula ukukhulisa imbewu yeembotyi kwiitawuli zephepha ezifumileyo esikolweni? Ukukhula kweetumato kwimbewu kuqala ngokusebenzisa umgaqo ofanayo. Kungcono ukunika izithole amanzi acocekileyo kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo zokusasaza iingcambu kunomgquba oshinyeneyo ongenakuwusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo.

I-50-50 eyenziwe ekhaya i-compost yezithole kunye ne-perlite kunye ne-compost eneenjongo ezininzi

Zenzele eyakho i-Compost yezithole

Umgquba wezithole usemgangathweni kwaye ungawufumana kumaziko egadi. Ziza kwimixube emininzi eyahlukeneyo esebenzisa i-loam, i-perlite, i-vermiculite, i-coco coir, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Eyona njongo ye-compost yezithole ngumxube ocolekileyo, kodwa ukhaphukhaphu onentwana yezondlo. Eqhelekileyo oya kuyifumana nguJohn Innes Seedling Compost, kwaye ungayenza ngokwakho ngale recipe:
• Izahlulo ezi-2 ezicociweyo zeLoam
• Inxalenye e-1 yePeat
• Inxalenye e-1 yeSanti erhabaxa
• Ngeemele ezi-2 (iilitha ezi-6), yongeza i-10g (1/3oz) ye-superphosphate.
5g (1 ithisipuni) itshokhwe yomhlaba

Ukuba awufuni ukusebenzisa i-peat, unokwenza eminye imixube kwaye kukho imithwalo yeeresiphi onokuzifumana kwi-intanethi. Kum, ndicinga ukuba owona mxube ulula yi-1-part perlite ukuya kwi-1-part yomgangatho olungileyo we-compost eneenjongo ezininzi. Inezondlo ezaneleyo zokugcina izityalo zihamba ixeshana ukuba kukho imfuneko kwaye iperlite inika amanzi aneleyo kunye nendawo yokuba iingcambu zikhule.

Imiyalelo yokuhlwayela

Ungahlwayela imbewu yakho kwiitreyi okanye kwiimbiza ezizimeleyo. Iitreyi zinokuthatha izithole ezininzi ngoko ukuba uceba ukukhula kwimiqolo yeetumato kunokuba yindawo yakho yokuqala.
Lungisa umgquba wakho ngokuwunyakamisa ngamanzi etephu amancinci. Yanele nje ukuyenza ifumeme.

Gcwalisa itreyi malunga ne-intshi okanye ngaphezulu ye-compost yezithole, yomelela ngesandla sakho, usasaze kwiimbewu kancinci, kwaye wogqume kancinci ngomgquba ongaphezulu. Uya kubona izithole ziphuma kwiintsuku ezi-5-14 kwaye zikhule ngolu hlobo, ziyakufuna ukukhahlela ngaphandle emva kweeveki ezi-3-4.

Ukuhlwayela imbewu yetamatato kwiimbiza

Ukuba ukhula nje izityalo ezimbalwa kwi-greenhouse, kuya kukugcina ixesha xa usebenzisa iimbiza ezi-3. Izityalo ziya kuphila ixesha elide kwezo mbiza ngoko umgquba ezikuwo uya kufuna izondlo ezininzi.

Xa kunjalo sebenzisa umxube wam we-50/50 womgquba. Okanye ubuncinci i-1-part perlite ukuya kwiindawo ezimbini ze-compost ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba aziyi kufuna ukutya phambi kokutyala. Abanye abalimi baya kusebenzisa iinjongo ezininzi besebenzisa le ndlela kodwa ihlawula ngokwenene ukunika izithole zakho amanzi angaphezulu.

Gcwalisa iimbiza zibe malunga nesentimitha / isiqingatha se-intshi ukusuka phezulu, uziqinise phantsi, kwaye ubeke iimbewu ezi-2-3 ngaphezulu. Gquma kancinci nge-compost. Vumela ukuba zikhule kwaye zinqumle ezibuthathaka zezithole emva kwenyanga.

Izithole zetumato zolula ukukhanya

Ukukhanya & lobushushu

Ukuze intshule, imbewu yetumata idinga ubushushu obuphakathi ko 64-69°F (18-21°C). Okungaphantsi kancinci okanye phezulu kulungile kodwa ngaphantsi kwe-50 ° F (10 ° C) nangaphezulu kwe-90 ° F (32 ° C) kwaye abayi kwenza kakuhle.
Kuba uninzi lwethu luqala iimbewu zetumata phakathi kukaJanuwari noMatshi, kunokuba nzima ukunika ezo ntlobo zamaqondo obushushu angaguqukiyo. Ukuba ikhaya lakho okanye indawo yokukhula iyabanda, sebenzisa a ipropagator eshushu njengoko uya kundibona ndisebenzisa kwividiyo engasentla.

Izithole zetumato zidinga ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo ukuzinceda zikhule. Ukuba ukhula kwifestile yefestile uza kubona izityalo zakho zolulela ifestile. Ndihlala ndijika eyam ukuba oku kuyenzeka ukuzama ukubakhupha. Ekugqibeleni, baya kufuna a khula ukukhanya ukuba uziqala ekuqaleni konyaka. Beka izithole zakho phantsi kokukhanya ngokukhawuleza xa ubona ukukhula - iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga noku ziya kuba kwisiqwenga esilandelayo kolu luhlu.

Le propagator yombane inika imbewu ubushushu obusezantsi ukunceda ukuntshula.

Impompo vs Amanzi emvula

Ndihlala ndisebenzisa amanzi etephu ukunkcenkceshela izithole. Ndiyigalela ebhotileni okanye kwijagi ngobusuku ukuze ndiyivumele inyukele kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kwaye ndivumele nayiphi na iklorin ukuba iphume. Ngaloo ndlela iqondo lobushushu aliyi kukhwankqisa izithole kwaye iklorine ayisayi kuphazamisa inkqubo yokukhula. Amanzi ethu etephu apha awanafluoridated kodwa ukuba awakho, ungacinga ukuwahluza.

Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ndafunda ndaweni ithile ukuba amanzi emvula aqokelelweyo ayilolona khetho lulungileyo kwizithole. Ayingomanzi ngokwawo kodwa isikhongozeli kunye neendawo ezithe zadibana namanzi ngelixa engaphandle. Izityalo ezomeleleyo nezizinzileyo zinokujongana ngokulula nazo naziphi na iintsholongwane kunye nokungunda ezinokuzisa. Izithole zinovakalelo ngakumbi.
Andiqinisekanga nge-100% ukuba le yinyani kodwa ndihlala ndibambelele kule nto. Ukuba ukhe weva into efanayo, okanye unolunye uluvo, undazise njengengxelo engezantsi.

Ubuchule bokunkcenkceshela

Ukusa amanzi kwizithole zakho ngaphandle kokuba amagqabi abemanzi kakhulu okanye ukuphazamisa umgquba okanye iingcambu yeyona njongo. Umjelo othe ngqo ophuma kwitoti yokunkcenkceshela okanye ibhotile yesitshizi unokwenza umonakalo omkhulu. Xa unkcenkceshela unokukhetha ukwenza izinto ezimbalwa:
• Beka iitreyi kunye neembiza okwexeshana kwitreyi enganzulwanga yamanzi ukuze ikwazi ukufunxwa ukusuka ezantsi.
• Sebenzisa inkonkxa yokunkcenkceshela ene-rose-headed
• Sebenzisa ibhotile yokutshiza inkungu
• Khusela umphezulu we-compost ngegrit

Amanyathelo Alandelayo

Kulo nyaka ndihamba nawe kuhambo olupheleleyo lokukhula kwetumata ukusuka kwimbewu, ukulima, ukuvuna. Jonga iividiyo zombini kwesi siqwenga esikubonisa indlela endihlwayele ngayo eyam imbewu kwaye ndiyibeke ukuba ikhule. Ngaphezu kweveki nje xa ezo vidiyo zifotwayo, phantse zonke izithole zetumata ziphezulu. Ngoku iiveki ezimbini kwizithole zikhula zingagqunywanga phantsi kokukhanya. Nangona zisekwi-propagator, ndayicima kamsinya nje ukuba intshule imbewu - ubushushu begumbi bulungile kubo.

Isibane endisisebenzisayo sisibane esibomvu nesiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiguqukayo esincamathela kwifestile yefestile. Ifanelekile kumlimi wasekhaya, ngakumbi ukuba unezithole ezimbalwa zokuzikhulisela ngaphakathi. Ndiyincoma kakhulu kwaye unako yifumane iyathengiswa kwiAmazon . Ndiza kugquma izibane ezikhulayo kunye nokukhahlela izithole kwisavenge esilandelayo kolu ngcelele.Xa ikhoyo ndiza kuyidibanisa ngezantsi nje.