UkuPhila okuPhantsi kwiNdawo yasePermaculture

Fumana Inombolo Yakho Yengelosi

IiYurts, iiPolytunnels, kunye neziSombululo eziluhlaza. Ukhenketho lwekhaya elinempembelelo ephantsi nokufunda malunga nendlela eyilwe ngayo kusetyenziswa iindawo zepermaculture.

Kusuku lwesibini lwezifundo zethu ze-Introduction to Permaculture, abahlohli bethu ababini ngobubele basisa kwikhaya ababehlala kulo nabantwana babo ababini. Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, u-Amanda noJim baye bakhe isakhiwo esimangalisayo sekhusi, iindawo ezikhulayo, kunye neendawo zokurisayikilisha ezifakwe kuzo zonke iindawo ezisentlango kwiploti yabo yeehektare ezingamashumi amathathu. Nangona besebenzisa indawo eninzi kakhulu, umhlaba omninzi ushiywe ‘njengeNdalo engaLawulwanga’ njengoko ifundiswa kwiNkqubo yoMmandla wePermaculture. Ukushiya umhlaba ukuze indalo ichume sisikhokelo sokuphila ubomi ngendlela ezinzileyo.



Inxalenye yekhaya isebenzisa ibhokisi yehashe (ilori) ethe yaguqulwa yaba yikhitshi kunye negumbi lokulala lesibini



Eli phepha lisenokuba nekhonkco elidityanisiweyo . NjengoMdibaniso weAmazon ndifumana umvuzo ngokuthenga okufanelekileyo.

NgoAmanda noJim, ndafunda ukuba iPermaculture Zones zibonelela ngomqolo onokuthi uzenzele owakho uyilo - nokuba likhaya lakho nangaphandle, indawo yokusebenza, okanye uluntu luphela. Ezi zowuni ziyingqokelela yeendawo eziphathekayo ezinxulumeneyo kunye neenkonzo ezinceda ekudaleni inkqubo esebenzayo. Njengoko uJim ebhala kwelinye lamaphepha akhe olwazi 'Iindawo zinokunceda ukufezekisa uyilo olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo' - nokuba kukwinqanaba elincinci kunye nelomntu okanye kwiindawo ezinkulu, zoluntu.



Lo mfanekiso ungasentla unika ukuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni imimandla. Khawufane ucinge ukuba wena nosapho lwakho nimi embindini walo mzekeliso - uyindawo yokuqala. Njengeziko kunye nendawo edibeneyo yenkqubo, unamandla okwenza utshintsho kwindawo yakho (okt eminye imimandla) ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho nezomhlaba.

Umzekelo omnye uJim awunikezayo ngulo Sifuna indawo yokuba abantwana bafumane indalo ngokudlala. Ukusuka kuMmandla wokuqala ndicinga ukuba ungenza uluhlu lwazo zonke iintlobo zeemfuno ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yakho ngokwembono yomntu wonke kusapho lwakho kwaye ebandakanya yonke imimandla yakho yomzimba.



Ukutya okuninzi kosapho kukhuliswa ngaphakathi kwipolytunnel yabo enkulu

Ukuphumela ngaphandle kumzobo we-Zone 0 iyakuba likhaya lakho kwaye uMmandla woku-1 ubhekisa kwiindawo ezifuna uqwalaselo rhoqo kunye notyelelo rhoqo. Umzekelo, igadi yemifuno kunye nemifuno iyavakala ukuba ibekwe kufutshane nendlu ukuze ufikelelo olungcono ukusuka ekhitshini.

UZone 2 uquka iindawo ezingalawulwa ngokungqongqo ezifana nengqumba yomgquba wakho kunye negadi yeziqhamo kwaye uZone 3 ubhekisele kwiindawo ezityelelwa ngamaxesha athile eziseyinxalenye yenkqubo. Oku kunokuba liqula lakho, i-injini yomoya, iingcingo zemida, okanye izakhiwo ezifana nezindlu zomsi. I-Zone 4 ingena kwindawo engaphuhliswanga kangako ngabantu kwaye ishiywe ngaphezulu ukuze kuqokelelwe ukutya kwasendle, iinkuni, kunye nemithi ezityalayo. Okokugqibela, iZone 5 ichaza inxalenye yomhlaba wakho eshiywe ingaphazanyiswa ukuze izilwanyana zasendle zibe nendawo yazo.



Umbane uveliswa kusetyenziswa i-injini yomoya

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo malunga nenkqubo yezowuni ibonakala iqinisekisa ukwenza ulungelelwaniso phakathi kweendawo zakho kunye nokwenza amakhonkco phakathi kwazo. Ndiyakuqonda oku ngemizekelo efana nenkunkuma yokutya ephinda isetyenziswe kwizowuni yesi-2 ize iziswe kwindawo yoku-1 ukuze isetyenziswe egadini. Enye iya kukwenza amandla ngaphakathi kwendawo yakho yesi-3 ukuba isetyenziswe ekhaya. Oku kunokubandakanya kodwa kungaphelelanga kwiiinjini zomoya, umngcunube okhutshelwe iinkuni, kunye neejenereyitha ezisebenza ngamanzi. Injongo yinkqubo yokuzimela eyenza ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma kunye nesidingo seenkonzo zangaphandle, amandla kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.

Ngokutyelela kwikhaya lika-Amanda noJim siye sakwazi ukubona inkqubo yemimandla esetyenziswa ngendlela esebenzayo. Ukudityaniswa kwemilinganiselo yePermaculture, imigaqo, kunye nemimandla inokubhideka ngokwenene kwaye andicingi ukuba ngendikwazile 'ukuyifumana' ukuba bekungengenxa yolu hambo luxabisekileyo lwasendle. Indawo yokuqala ababema kuyo kukhenketho yayiyiinjini yomoya yabo eyayihamba ngokukhawuleza ijikeleza impepho.

Igalelo lombane eliphuma kwi-injini yomoya lilawulwa kwesi sikhululo

Le turbine yomoya idala umbane osetyenziselwa ukunika amandla iibhayisekile zombane, ukuhlawulisa izixhobo zegadi, kunye nombane ekhaya. Umbane ulawulwa ngesikhululo samandla esincinci kwishedi engaphandle kwaye amandla agqithisileyo asetyenziselwa ukutshaja iibhetri ezinkulu ezisibhozo - malunga nobukhulu bebhetri yemoto. Kuba uJim noAmanda behlala ngaphandle kwegrid bakhetha ukuthenga izinto zombane ezinokutshajwa okanye ezisebenza ngeebhetri. Naziphi na izinto ezifuna iplagi eqhelekileyo kunye nombane we-240-volt zinokuqhagamshelwa kwindawo ephuma kuyo eludongeni lweshedi.

Kwindawo enengca ngaphandle nje kweshedi kukho iitrektara ezimbini zeenkukhu. Ezi zizibaya zenkukhu ezishukumayo ezivumela iinkukhu ukuba zirhawuze kwingca entsha kwaye zincede ukulima umhlaba. Andiqinisekanga ukuba zeziphi izicwangciso zalo mmandla kodwa iinkukhu ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kunceda ukulungisa umhlaba ngesichumiso sazo sendalo. Ingca entsha kunye nezinambuzane ezizityayo zikwanceda ukwenza amaqanda amatsha amnandi kwintsapho.

Izikhukukazi zibonelela ngamaqanda kwaye zincedisa ekulimeni umhlaba

Kufutshane neenkukhu kunye ne-injini yomoya, uya kufumana i-polytunnel apho u-Amanda akhula khona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemifuno kunye nemifuno, uninzi lwazo ezilungiselelwe itafile yesidlo sangokuhlwa sentsapho yakhe. Le ndawo yangaphakathi efudumeleyo iphinda kabini njengendawo yokomisa impahla kunye nokutya kunye nesithuba esongezelelweyo sokulala iindwendwe.

I-Hardier perennial kunye nezityalo zonyaka zikhuliswa ngaphandle kwe-polytunnel kwigadi ka-Amanda. Amatswele, iikhaphetshu, uhlaza kunye neentyatyambo zikhuliswa kunye ngendlela esenokubonakala ingaqhelekanga kwabanye abalimi. Endaweni yokulungisa imiqolo yesityalo esinye, izithupha zeentlobo ezininzi zezityalo ezikhethwe ngokukhethekileyo zikhuliswa kunye. Ukutyala okuhamba kunye bubuchule obusetyenziswa kakhulu ngabaGcisa bePermaculturalists kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kubonwa kakuhle kwiikhaphetshu zika-Amanda. Nangona zingakhuselwanga kwisetha akukho nolunye uphawu lomonakalo wekhaphetshu (butterfly/caterpillar). Oku kungenxa yokukhula kwakhe isityalo sedini, iOrashi, kunye nesityalo esithintelayo, iCalendula, esijikeleze ibrassicas enamagqabi. Ndade ndanesingqala ngaphakathi kwiikhaphetshu ukuze ndibone ukuba ndingawubona nawuphi na umonakalo we-slug kwaye ndothuka ukuba akukho namnye. Oku kukulima kwezityalo ngokugqibeleleyo!

I-Calendula isebenza njengesityalo sokubingelela ngaloo ndlela ikhusela i-brassicas kwizinambuzane

Obunye ubuchule begadi obusebenzayo obusetyenziswa kwiPermaculture kukusebenzisa iComfrey, ngakumbi iindidi zeBocking 14, njengomthombo wezondlo zokukhulisa izityalo. Amagqabi kunye neziqu ze-comfrey zinenani elihle le-nitrogen kuzo kodwa inqanaba eliphezulu le-potassium. Ke ngoko ukuzisebenzisa njenge-mulch okanye kwisondlo solwelo kukhuthaza kakhulu ukuveliswa kweziqhamo kunye neentyatyambo kuzo zonke izityalo zakho zasegadini.

Lilonke ummandla wolawulo lweinjini yomoya, izikhukukazi, kunye neendawo ezikhulayo zikwindawo enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo nguZone 1 kwaye iturbine ngokwayo mhlawumbi yiZone 2. Indawo nganye kwezi ivelisa amandla kunye nokutya okuya kwabelwana phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo kodwa ngakumbi usapho olusebenzisa ukutya okuninzi nombane. Indawo nganye kwezi ivelisa iziphumo ezininzi ezithi zisetyenziswe kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe ngaphakathi kwinkqubo. Emva kolungiselelo lokuqala, amagalelo afunekayo angaphandle kwefama mancinci kwaye anokulinganiselwa kumgquba, enye imbewu, kunye namandla endalo omoya.

IBocking 14 IComfrey luhlobo lwembewu oluziintsholongwane oluthandwa ngabasebenzi bePermaculturalists

Ngaphandle kweendawo ezinikezelwe kwizityalo zonyaka kukwakho neendawo ezenzelwe izityalo ezihlala iminyaka emininzi njengegadi yeziqhamo. Ukukhulisa izityalo ezivelisa ukutya unyaka wonke ngaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nomsebenzi omncinci ofunekayo yenye yeendlela onokwandisa isivuno sakho ngelixa wonga ixesha namandla.

U-Amanda noJim baye bafaka utyalo-mali lokuqala lweziqhamo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemithi yeendongomane ukongeza kumatyholo aneziqhamo ezithambileyo kwaye ngoku bayakwazi ukuvuna ukutya okuninzi okumangalisayo ukongeza kwizityalo ezikhuliswe egadini kunye nepolytunnel. Babexoxa nangokutyala i-Permaculture-style 'Ihlathi Lokutya' ngexesha lokhenketho. Ihlathi lokutya yindawo elawulwayo yemithi equka imithi yeziqhamo kunye neendongomane ukongeza kwimifuno engapheliyo, imifuno, kunye nezinye izityalo zokutya eziphantsi.

Imithi yeziqhamo kunye namandongomane ityalwa kwigadi encinci yeziqhamo

I-soft-fruit patch iquka imithwalo ye-raspberries

Ngexesha leklasi sabukela ifilimu ehlanganiswe nguBill Mollison, omnye wabaseki bePermaculture. Kuyo, wazisa ingcamango ebangel’ umdla yokuba Ungcoliso yinkunkuma nje engasetyenziswanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba naluphi na uhlobo lwenkunkuma yendalo lunokuguqulwa lube ngumthombo, kwanenkunkuma yomntu.

Nangona abantu abaninzi benokuthandabuza ukwenza umgquba kwaye basebenzise inkunkuma yabo egadini, uJim no-Amanda baye baseka inkqubo yangasese edibanisa umgquba eguqula ilindle ebeliya kugungxulwa phantsi kwindlu yangasese libe ngumgquba otyebileyo abawubeke kufutshane nemithi yabo yeziqhamo. Apha ubona elinye ikhonkco kuyilo lwabo lwePermaculture olujika imveliso ukusuka kwindawo enye ibe ligalelo kwenye.

Yonke inkunkuma yomntu ivundisiwe kwaye isetyenziselwa ukugquma imithi yeziqhamo

Uninzi lwethu ingakumbi kule mihla sijamelene neendleko zokubambisa ezenza amakhoboka kunye nemisebenzi, sikuthiyile nje ukuhlawula intlawulo yenyanga. Oku kuchasene nenkolelo kaJim no-Amanda yokuba ikhaya kufuneka lihlawule kuphela isixa semali ongayenza kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo uAmanda wathengisa indlu yakhe yedolophu eqhelekileyo kwaye wasebenzisa imali efunyenweyo ukuqala ikhaya lakhe elitsha lePermaculture.

Ibhokisi yehashe yatshintshwa yaba sisiqingatha sendlu, enekhitshi le-bijoux, indawo yokugcina, kunye nebhedi yabantu ababini. Inxalenye yesibini yekhaya yiyurt yaseMongolia esetyenziselwa ukulala nokutya, ngakumbi kwimozulu ebandayo. Indawo yangaphandle phakathi kwezi zakhiwo zimbini yindawo yabo yokuhlala egcweleyo eneendawo zokuhlala kunye nokutya. Awukwazi ukuzibamba kodwa uzive uyinxalenye yendalo xa undwendwela ikhaya labo.

IYurt yaseMongolia inekhaya elingabizi mali ininzi neliphangaleleyo nelishushu

Ukundwendwela uJim no-Amanda ukuseta yayiyeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuphelisa iklasi. Sifunde ngeziseko ezisisiseko zenkqubo kwaye emva koko sazibona zisenziwa kwihlabathi lokwenyani ngabahlohli bethu. Siphinde sakwazi ukuthelekisa umkhuba wabo wePermaculture kunye noPaul Crocker, onokuphunyezwa okuhluke kakhulu. Ibonisa nje ukuba ungasebenzisa ngempumelelo amaxabiso kunye nemigaqo yenkqubo ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.

Ndifunde eklasini ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obulula kwaye obuzinzileyo ngaphandle kokuphumelela ilotho kuqala. Ngokuqulunqwa kokuqonda kunye nobuqili kuyenzeka ukuba udale inkqubo yokuzimela enikezela inzuzo kuwe kunye neplanethi ngaphandle kweendleko zengalo kunye nomlenze. Ndiyavuya kuba ndikwazile ukuya kwesi sifundo kwaye ndinokuthi iyitshintshe ngokwenene imbono yam ekukhuleni nasekuphileni. Andikwazi ukulinda ukuba ndiqalise ukuvavanya indawo yam encinci kwaye ndijonge iindlela zokuyiphucula ngendlela yePermaculture.

Ukuphefumlelwa ngakumbi kwePermaculture

Fumana Inombolo Yakho Yengelosi

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