Ifama yePermaculture kwiSiqithi soMntu

Emantla eSiqithi kukho indawo encinci yePermaculture

UPaul Crocker wadibana nathi ekupheleni kwendlela ekhangeleka ngathi yingca ende enqumla kwindlela yelizwe. Siye sadlula kuyo kodwa endleleni ebuyayo umnqwazi wakhe wengca kunye nengalo eshukumayo yasinceda safumana indawo yokungena kwindawo yakhe encinci. Enxibe ijean, iibhutsi kunye nehempe yepolo etofotofo kwakunzima ukukholelwa ukuba le ndoda yayingeyonto ngaphandle komlimi wasekuhlaleni. Ngapha koko ungumthengisi wemfuyo emini kwaye ulandela uthando lwakhe lokusebenza umhlaba kunye nokukhulisa imfuyo engaqhelekanga ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla. Ndiza kwenza ingozi yokuthetha ngalo lonke ixesha lakhe lokuphumla ekubeni umfazi wakhe efake iwotshi kwipropathi ukumkhumbuza ukuba abuye kwangexesha.

Elidlelo lizakuba likhaya leegusha ezintandathu zaseShropshire kwezi nyanga zizayo

Eli phepha lisenokuba nekhonkco elidityanisiweyo . NjengoMdibaniso weAmazon ndifumana umvuzo ngokuthenga okufanelekileyo.

I-Stockbroker kunye neSmallholder zivakala ngathi zihlabathi ngokwahlukeneyo kodwa uPaul ukwazile ukuyikhupha. Ukuhlala kumganyana nje wokuhamba, ugcina ifama encinci yeehektare ezisixhenxe kwisiqwenga somhlaba awasithenga kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Umhlaba wolimo kulo mmandla wesiqithi uyathandeka kwaye ubukhulu becala ungowabalimi abambalwa basekuhlaleni. Noko ke, esi siqwenga somhlaba neenduli sashiywa singasebenzi saza sashiywa de kwafika uPawulos kuloo ndawo.

Kwakhawuleza kwacaca ukuba kutheni, nangona kunjalo: umhlaba wawubugxwayiba obupheleleyo njengoko wawusetyenziswa njengengcebiso yasekhaya de kwaba ngoo-1950s. Kuyabonakala ukuba indlela elaliqhutywa ngayo eli cebiso yayikukuba inkunkuma yayiqokelelwa kumakhaya asekuhlaleni iiveki ezimbini emva koko ilahlwe ize itshiswe kweso siza. Lo mkhuba wayeka kuphela xa kwakhiwa i-bungalow oyibona kulo mfanekiso ungasentla kwaye abanini baqala ukukhalaza ngomsi.

Iigusha zeShropshire zezinye zeegusha ezinokuthi zikhuliswe kwindawo enemithi

Ukhenketho lwethu kumhlaba kaPawulos lwaqala ngentsimi. Okwangoku ayinanto kwaye izaliswe ngumxube wengca erhabaxa, i-gorse kunye ne-bracken azama ukuyisusa ngesandla. Ukwixesha elisikiweyo nangona enethemba lokwazisa iigusha ezintandathu ezinqabileyo ze-Shropshire kulo mhlaba kamva kweli hlobo. Sele sele eqalisile ukubeka ucingo oluqinileyo kwaye utyale imida kunye ne-Italian Alder, eyimithi ekhula ngokukhawuleza eya kubonelela ngezilwanyana zomoya.

Ngokusuka kwinto ayithethayo ibiyinkqubo ebambekayo ukufumana ezi gusha kuba kungekho wumlimi wumbi kwesi siqithi ozigcinayo. UPawulos ufuna iShropshires ngezizathu ezibini; Okokuqala kukuba baludidi oluneenjongo ezimbini kwaye unqwenela ukuvelisa inyama kubo. Okwesibini kungenxa yokuba zezinye zeegusha ezimbalwa ezihlala kakuhle emahlathini. Omnye wemigaqo ephambili kwi-Permaculture kuzama ukufumana i-bang eninzi yenkunzi yakho kwaye ukuba neegusha ezihlala kumabhoma kuya kukunika iziqhamo, amandongomane kunye nezityalo zenyama kwindawo enye ukuze abanye bafumane isityalo esinye kuphela.

Kulinywe igadi entsha kule nduli – iikhola zezokugcina imivundla ingonakalisi imithi.

Indlela eqhelekileyo elawulwa ngayo igadi yeziqhamo ibandakanya umlimi ukucheba ngesandla kunye nokufaka isichumiso emhlabeni phantsi kwemithi. Oku kusebenzisa ixesha lomlimi, iindleko zomatshini wokucheba, amafutha omtshini kunye nezichumiso ezenziweyo ezidla ngokubiza imali eninzi. Iigusha ezikwaziyo ukuhlala kwigadi yeziqhamo ziyakuyicheba simahla ingca, zichumise umhlaba ngendle yazo, zincede ukulawula izifo zemithi kunye nezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ngokutya iziqhamo eziwiswe ngumoya kwaye zivelise nemveliso yenyama ekumgangatho ophezulu. Kuvakala ngathi akukho-brainer akunjalo? Oku koko kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo ezidibeneyo xa kuziwa kwi-Permaculture.

Intshayelelo yechibi apho uPawulos anethemba lokugcina itrout

Ukuqhubela phambili sahamba sisuka edlelweni saya kwichibi elincinane elithandekayo elitshone phakathi kwemingcunube eluhlaza kunye neeheji ezishinyeneyo. Nangona umhlaba kumhlaba kaPawulos uyisanti kakhulu, udongwe lwendalo kulo mhlaba luyawuvumela ukuba uzaliswe ngamanzi emvula, ngaloo ndlela udala imbonakalo yamanzi endalo. Icocwe ngokucokisekileyo ukusukela oko yafunyanwa ipropathi kwaye ngoku ilikhaya lamasele kunye nohlobo lwentlanzi ezibhabhela kuyo iingqukuva ukuze ziyitye.

Nangona kunjalo umbono kukunika lo mzimba wamanzi injongo ezimbini eziya kuthi zincede abantu ngokunjalo. I-injini yomoya encinci iyakhiwa eza kunceda amandla empompo eza kutyebisa amanzi echibini ngeoksijini. Le oksijini yongezelelekileyo iya kwenza ichibi kuhlale kulo intlanzi yetrout ecetywa nguPaul ngokulima.

Idama likhaya lezityalo ezininzi kunye nezilwanyana zasendle okwangoku

Lo mzimba omncinci wamanzi ube yenye yeeprojekthi ezinkulu kwi-smallholding njengoko kubonwa kwimifanekiso engezantsi. Emuva xa umhlaba wawusetyenziswa njengengcebiso, abahlali babezishiya izithuthi ezindala kunye nenkunkuma echibini nakumhlaba owujikelezileyo. Ndothukile ukuva ngale nto kodwa ayifanelanga ukuba isothuse nabani na kuthi kuba abantu kudala belahla inkunkuma elwandle - ngaphandle kokubonwa, ngaphandle kwengqondo.

Ngethamsanqa incam yayisetyenziswa ngexesha apho iplastiki yayingaqhelekanga kodwa kwakusekho imfumba yeglasi kunye nobunye ubutyobo obabukhutshiweyo ngaphambi kokuba ichibi lithathwe njengobungane ngeenyawo.

Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo isiziba sasiyindawo eyahlukileyo kakhulu

Nangona uninzi lwendawo yokulima kaPawulos ijikeleze ikhaya lakhe, umhlaba okwindawo yakhe encinci unikezelwe kwiinkqubo ezinkulu ezidibeneyo ezisebenzisa ubukho bezilwanyana. Ngokufika kweegusha kulo nyaka kwaye iinkomo zicingisiswa ngekamva umhlaba wonke uhlalwa ngumhlambi weenkukhu oxubeneyo. Iindidi ezine ezahlukeneyo zihlala kunye emhlabeni kwaye zonke zifeza indima eyahlukileyo.

Inkunkuma yazo zonke iintlobo, kuquka neenqwelo-mafutha ezilahliweyo, kwafuneka ikhuthulwe emanzini ayo

Enye yezona ntaka zintle azigcinayo ngamarhanisi aseTshayina anesilivere abaleka kumhlambi othe ngxi engqonge isiza. Owona msebenzi wabo kukusebenza njengabalindi bemfuyo yonke njengoko ukukhwaza kwabo nokuqhubeka kwabo kuya kulumkisa ngengozi ezayo. Ngethamsanqa azikho iimpungutye kwesi siqithi kodwa iiferal ferrets, ezibizwa ekuhlaleni zibizwa ngokuba yiPole-cats, zaziwa ngokuxinana kwiihoko kwaye zibulale zonke iinkukhu ezizifumanayo.

Amarhanisi axabisekile kwizikhukukazi njengoko ekwazi ukulumkisa kwaye agxothe nakuphi na ukuhlasela emini ngala marhamncwa. Umsebenzi wesibini owenziwa zezi ntaka kukunceda ukuba ingca ihlale phantsi. Iirhanisi zezona zinoqoqosho kwiinkukhu kuba kunokwenzeka ukuzondla ngengca hayi enye into.

Abanye abalimi banokusebenzisa amarhanisi njengenyama kodwa umfazi kaPaul uwathathele phantsi kwephiko lakhe ukuze atsho. Xa ndithetha inyani mhlawumbi ndingaziva ngendlela efanayo kuba abathandeki nje kuphela ukubajonga kodwa bengenangcwangu njengamanye amarhanisi endiwaziyo. Aba bathathu umakhulu wam abagcinayo babeleqa baze balume nabani na ongena esangweni kodwa amarhanisi kaPaul aseTshayina athanda ukusaba xa esondela.

Amarhanisi aseTshayina omabini athambileyo kwaye enza iimboniselo ezinkulu

Kukwakho intaphane yeenkuku ezigqushalaza kwaye zirhawuzelela amasuntswana anengca efama. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba iinkukhu zizalele iqanda ngosuku ihlobo elimanzi kwaye libandayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngoko imveliso yazo iye yachaphazeleka. Nangona kunjalo babeka malunga neshumi elinesibhozo amaqanda ngosuku, amaninzi awo eziswa emsebenzini kaPawulos.

Ukongeza kumaqanda, ukuba neenkukhu kumhlaba wakho kuya kunceda ukugcina ukhula kunye namanani ezinambuzane ephantsi kwaye izixa zabo ezininzi zelindle elityebile ngenitrogen lityebisa umhlaba. Kwaye ekupheleni kosuku, zombini iinkukhu kunye namaqhude zinokuvunwa inyama yazo.

Olona didi luxhaphakileyo lwenkukhu kwisiza kukude I-Scots Grey ebotshwe ngebhanti emnyama namhlophe kwaye ibonakala inqabile e-UK. Ezi zaziphakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo kum ekukhuleni kwam e-USA ngoko ndothuswa kukuva ukuba uPaul kufuneka adlule kumbutho onqabileyo wokuzala ukuze afumane amaqanda achumileyo. Unezikhukukazi ezimbalwa ezisele zikhulile ngoku kwaye injongo yakhe kukusebenzisa izikhukukazi zakhe zaseScots Grey ukuzalela nomqhagi waseRhode Island Red ukuze ufumane umnqamlezo olungileyo. Bendingazi kude kube mva nje ukuba uninzi lweminqamlezo, enje ngokusetyenziswa kweqanda lokuthengisa kunye nokusebenza kwenyama, luphila malunga neminyaka emithathu kuphela. Oku kuchasene nezikhukhukazi zohlobo olusulungekileyo ezinokuphila ngaphezu kweshumi.

Iinkukhu zazo zonke iindidi zigcinwa kwindawo encinci; badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwifama iphela

Kukho ngaphezu kweGuinea Fowl ezimbalwa ezithe saa phakathi kweenkukhu endizifumanisa zingaqhelekanga, kuba ekuphela kwexesha endikhe ndazibona zibaleka ematyholweni aseAfrika. Kodwa kwakhona ezi ntaka zisemhlabeni kuba zizalisekisa inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo. Nangona kukho ikamva apho iGuinea Fowl eyojiweyo inokuya kwitafile yesidlo sangokuhlwa saseCrocker, esona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokuba bagcinwe kukuba umnxeba wabo ohlabayo ugcina iimpuku kude.

Ongaqhelekanga uyayifumana indlela yokungena efama kodwa ezi mpuku zitshabalalisayo azigcinanga ngokubeka iindlwane kwindawo ngenxa yobukho beGuinea Fowl. Nangona engazange ayikhankanye kutyelelo lwethu ndiye ndafumanisa ukuba ezi ntaka zilungile ekunciphiseni inani lamakhalane phakathi kweegusha, yiyo loo nto kwakhiwa indawo yokuhlala kufuphi nedlelo.

Inkukhu yaseScots eGrey kunye neGuinea Fowl

Uhlobo lokugqibela lwentaka egcinwe kwi-smallholding lidada lakho eliqhelekileyo. Amadada athandwa kakhulu ngama-Permaculturalists kuba avelisa amaqanda atyebileyo anencasa kunye nenyama kwaye agcina inani le-slugs kunye neenkumba. Ngelixa iinkukhu ezikwindawo yemifuno zinokuba ziindaba ezimbi, amadada athanda ukushiya izityalo zakho zodwa ekhetha izitshabalalisi ezineprotein esihlala sikhalaza ngazo thina balimi.

UPaul wayenethemba lokuba amadada ayeza kuyifumana indlela eya ezantsi echibini elingekude kwiihoko zeenkukhu. Nangona kunjalo kubonakala ngathi ukuqandusela amaqanda phantsi kwesikhukukazi kubabhidanisile ngobuzali babo kwaye bakhetha ukuhlala neenkukhu eyadini. Kukho iqela lesibini lamantshontsho amadada ngoku ahlaliswa sesinye isikhukukazi kwaye ndiyazibuza ukuba aya kukhula na ecinga ukuba ziinkukhu nawo.

Isikhukukazi esihleli phezu kwamaqanda edada aqhanyiweyo

Ukongeza kwi-plethora kaPawulos yeenkukhu ziyi-honeybees - ezininzi zeenyosi. Ndicinga ukuba kukho imingxunya elishumi efihlwe phakathi kwemingcunube kwaye xa idibene ivelisa ngaphezulu kwekhulu leeponti zobusi ngonyaka olungileyo. Isityalo sokuqala sobusi sisandul 'ukususwa kweli hlobo kwaye uPaul wachaza ukuba uyakwenza oku ukuba sino-Agasti onqabileyo.

Ngelixa abanye abafuyi beenyosi belinda kude kube nguSeptemba ukuze bakhuphe ubusi, uyabukhupha kwangethuba aze abagalele ngamanzi aneswekile. Ingqiqo yeyokuba ukuba iinyosi zibeka isityalo esihle sobusi ngoJulayi kwaye emva koko sibe no-Agasti onemvula, oko kunokuba yonke into yobusi ngexesha lokuvuna. Licebiso elilungileyo endinokuthi ndilithathele ingqalelo eyam iingcingo.

Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-Permaculture, iinyosi zibonelela ngobusi kunye ne-bewax kwaye zikwaluncedo ekugqithiseni iziqhamo. Yi-equation elula: akukho zinyosi = akukho siqhamo. Okwangoku iinyosi ezikwisiza ziza kubhabha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5 yeemayile ukuya kuqokelela umungu kunye nencindi kodwa ziya kuhlala kufutshane nekhaya xa imithi yeziqhamo kwigadi kaPaul ivuthiwe kwaye iqalisa ukuvelisa iintyatyambo. Umphumo wale nkqubo kukuba ngokuba neenyosi zobusi emhlabeni, imveliso yeziqhamo iya kwanda ukongezelela kwisivuno sobusi.

Iinyosi zobusi ezihleli phakathi kwemithi

Nasemva kokusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi kusekho iimbono ezininzi uPawulos anazo malunga nokubamba kwakhe kancinci. Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo yePermaculture uyakwazi ukucinga ngokucacileyo malunga nepropathi yakhe kunye nawona mathuba amakhulu anikezelayo. Ngaloo ndlela uya kukwazi ukuyilima ngendlela ezinzileyo nenesivuno esiphezulu kunokuba nawuphi na umlimi oqhelekileyo anokuphupha ngayo. Enyanisweni kusenokwenzeka ukuba lo mrhwebi uphumeleleyo wenze olona tyalo-mali lungcono ebomini bakhe hayi eofisini kodwa kumhlaba wakhe.

I-Permaculture yindlela ookhokho bethu ababelima ngayo kwaye nangona befuywa umhlaba, imfuyo, kunye nendalo bakwazi ukufikelela kwibhalansi eyanika ikamva kwindlela yabo yokuphila. Ngezoyikiso zokusingqongileyo, umgangatho wokutya, kunye nexabiso lepetroleum akukho mathandabuzo okuba uninzi lwethu luya kujonga emagxeni abantu abafana noPawulos ukuze bafumane impembelelo yokulima. I-Permaculture ayiboneleli kuphela ngendlela yokukhula ngendlela ezinzileyo kunye ne-ecologically e-ecology kodwa ibonakala ngathi iyavakala.

Amanqaku ambalwa kaPaul Crocker:

• Namhlanje [mna Pawulos] ndiyasebenza njengomphathi wotyalo-mali, nangona ndaqala njenge-stockbroker xa ndi ndaqonda ukuba andinakukwazi ukulima ngetyala lam.
• Nge Ngokubhekiselele kwiintlobo ezisulungekileyo, ubomi bazo obulindelekileyo yiminyaka emi-5 kunye. Enyanisweni bambalwa abantu babeza kubanika ithuba lokufika ku-10 ngaphandle kokuba babezizilwanyana zasekhaya.
• I Iqela elilandelayo lamadada yiShetlands, luhlobo olunqabileyo.
• Nge Ngokubhekiselele kwii-alder zase-Italiya kuya kuba luncedo ukukhomba abantu abayiyo izilungisi zenitrogen zombini ezisuka kwisixokelelwano seengcambu kunye nenkunkuma yamagqabi kwaye okokugqibela i-trout iya kuba njalo zisetyenziswe kuphela kwakhona njengezijongi zomgangatho wamanzi.