Zenziwa njani iiPianos

Imbali yePiano

UBartolomeo di Francesco Cristofori (1655-1731) ubizwa ngokuba ngumenzi wepiyano yokuqala ngo-1709. Wayebiza imodeli yakhe yokuqala njenge-gravicembalo col piano e forte, okuthetha ukubetha ngohadi ngokuvakalayo nangokuthambileyo. Ixesha elingaphezulu, igama lalifinyezwa laba ngu ‘fortepiano’ kwaye ekugqibeleni 'umgangatho.'

Into enomdla kukuba, uCristfori wayeqeshwe nguFerdinando de ’Medici, iNkosana eNkulu yaseTuscany, njengoMgcini wezixhobo. Usebenzise ulwazi lwakhe lwehabhu kunye neendlela zalo ukwenza umsebenzi wendalo yakhe entsha.

I-fortepiano ibingaziwa kwaye ingathandwa kangangeminyaka eliqela de umgxeki wase-Itali, u-Scipione Maffei, wapapasha inqaku malunga nesixhobo esitsha ngo-1711. Kwisizukulwana esilandelayo, iingcibi ezininzi zavelisa izixhobo ezifanayo ezisekwe kwelo nqaku.

Ukwakhiwa kwePiano

Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngamanyathelo okwenza ipiyano, kubalulekile ukuba wazi izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ekwakheni kwayo. Ezinye zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ekwenzeni ipiyano zibandakanya iinkuni ezikumgangatho ophezulu, intsimbi, ucingo lwesinyithi, kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Umthi usetyenziswa ikakhulu ekwenzeni ubungqangi kunye neepateni zecandelo lepiyano. Isinyithi sisetyenziselwa ukwakha ipleyiti yesinyithi kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo iyafuneka ekubunjweni. Isanti ixutywe neBentonite kwaye iyafuneka ekubunjweni komngundo.

Kuyilo lwanamhlanje, izixhobo ezibalulekileyo zisetyenziswa ziinjineli ezichonga imilinganiselo efanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwepiyano eyenziweyo. Nangona i-aesthetics yangaphandle yeepianos ezinkulu kunye nepianos ethe tye yahluke kakhulu, ubuchwephesha bangaphakathi bezixhobo ziyafana.

Inkqubo yokwakha iPiano

Ukwenza iRim

Umphetho wepiyano wenziwe ngomthi okwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuze ubonakale kakuhle kunye namandla. Abavelisi abaninzi abaphezulu bakhetha ukusebenzisa i-spruce kunye ne-maple yeentlobo ngenxa yeepropathi zabo ezibalaseleyo zethoni. Ezi ntlobo zeenkuni nazo zixinene kwaye zinzima. Ukwenza umququ kufuna ukugoba iinkuni ukufezekisa imilo oyifunayo.

Umdwebo omkhulu wepiyano ubandakanya umda wangaphakathi nangaphandle. Umaleko womthi uncanyathiselwe ndawonye kwaye ugotyiwe ngomatshini wentsimbi ukwenza ubume bomphetho obuqhubekayo. Iimakhishithi zomthi ziye zigqithiswe kwinkqubo yemizi-mveliso ukufezekisa iimeko zokwenza imilo ngokugqibeleleyo. Umda wangaphakathi uyile ngokukodwa ngezinto ezongezelelweyo ezinje ngebhloko yephini, ibhloko enqamlezileyo, kunye nebrace ukwenza ubume bepiyano enezinto zokuxhasa ibhodi yesandi.

Iifeleni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zenziwe ngesanti kwaye zenziwe lacquered. Okulandelayo, iirim zangaphakathi nangaphandle zidityanisiwe ngenkqubo yokufudumeza rhoqo. Inyathelo lokugqibela lenkqubo yokwenza rim ligqityiwe ngokutshiza ingubo yangaphantsi kunye nokuyigcina ifudumele ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokomisa neyomisa. Ingubo yokugqibela yokugqibela iyongezwa kwaye ipolishi yongezwa ekugqibeleni ukuyenza ibe nomtsalane.

Ukwenza iiPiano zoLwakhiwo

I-pin block kunye neplate yentsimbi yenza isakhelo kwaye kufanelekile ukuxhasa uxinzelelo lomtya. Iibhloko zepini zenziwe ngeengqimba zemephu ezihlanganiswe kwinkqubo yoshishino.

Ukuziqhelanisa nenkqubo yebloko yephini kwipiyano enkulu kwahlukile kuleyo yepiyano ethe nkqo. Ipiyano ethe nkqo ineebhloko zepini ezijolise nkqo ngelixa ipiyano enkulu inebhloko yephini ethe tyaba.

Itafile yentsimbi eyenziweyo yenzelwe ngokukodwa iinjineli zisebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zokwenza izinto ezinje ngesinyithi, intsimbi etyhidiweyo, kunye nokubumba kwesanti. Amacwecwe omdlalo akhiwe ngesinyithi ngelixa isikhunta somhlaba sisetyenziswa ngexesha lokuphosa ipleyiti. Ukubumba kwesanti kuyilelwe kwiipleyiti zematshisi kwaye intsimbi etyhidiweyo iyavunyelwa ukuba idlule ekubumbeni. Ke intsimbi etyhidiweyo ivumelekile ukuba ipholile kwaye iqine, ikhokelela kwipleyiti. Esi sitya siyasuswa ekubunjweni kwaye isanti ifakwe kwipleyiti kusetyenziswa intsimbi. Ipleyiti ke iyaqhubeka nenkqubo yokomba apho kwenziwa khona imingxunya yezikhonkwane zokulungisa, izikhonkwane zokubopha, iibholiti zempumlo, kunye neebholithi kwisakhelo. Okokugqibela, ipleyiti iyaqhubeka neenkqubo zokugqiba ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe erim.

Ukwenza iBhodi yeSandi

Ibhodi yesandi imele enye yezinto eziyimfuneko kwipiyano emisela umgangatho wesandi esivelisiweyo. Ibhodi yesandi yepiyano enkulu ijolise ngokuthe tye kwaye iqhubela phambili amaza esandi ngendlela ephezulu nesezantsi. Kwipiyano ethe tye, ibhodi yesandi ijonge nkqo kwaye ibekwe emva kwemitya kunye nesakhelo.

Ibhodi yesandi yenziwe nge-spruce kwaye inamacwecwe amancinci ephepha lomthi. Iinkuni zebhodi yesandi ziphantsi kwenkqubo yoomatshini ukufezekisa umxholo othile wokufuma ngokuma komoya nangokomisa eziko. I-spruce iyanqunyulwa ibe yimichilo, imiphetho incamathele, icinezelwe kunye kwaye yomile.

Okokugqibela, ibhodi yesandi emva koko yenzelwe ipateni ngokokucaciswa kwemodeli yepiyano. Iimbambo ke zincanyathiselwe kwicala elingezantsi lebhodi yesandi kusetyenziswa iglu yemizi-mveliso. Emva koko ibhodi yesandi idluliswa ngenkqubo yokujika ukuvelisa isandi esifunekayo.

Ibhulorho

Ibhulorho inoxanduva lokudlulisa ukungcangcazela komtya kwibhodi yesandi, evumela ukuba ibhodi yesandi iphinde ivelise isandi.

Imitya yePiano

Ucingo lwentsimbi lusetyenziswa ekwenzeni imitya yepiyano. Ekwenziweni kwepiyano enkulu, imitya yesiphumo inde kunezo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ipiyano ethe nkqo. Nangona kunjalo, imitya kuzo zombini iindidi zepiyano zinobude obahlukeneyo kunye nobubanzi ukuvelisa iithoni ezahlukeneyo kuzo zonke izitshixo zepiyano ezingama-88.

Iimpawu zepiano

Ingoma yeklasikhi u-Ebony kunye no-Ivory sisalathiso kwizitshixo zepiyano ezimnyama nezimhlophe. Ngokwesiko, amaqhosha amnyama ayenziwe nge-ebony ngelixa amaqhosha amhlophe ayogqunywe ngemicu yeendlovu ebhityileyo. Ngaphantsi kwala maqhekeza kwakukho amaqhosha enziwe ngeswekile pine kwiintsuku zokuqala zepiyano. Iimodeli zamva nje-ngakumbi iipianos ezinesiphelo esiphakamileyo- zinezitshixo ezimhlophe ezenziwe ngeplastikhi efana nendlovu.

Ikhibhodi yePiano

Ikhibhodi yepiyano imele elona candelo libonakalayo lepiyano. Ikhibhodi inezitshixo zepiyano ezizezinye ezibekwe kwisikimu esenza isixhobo sidlalwe.

Ekwenziweni kwezitshixo kwinkqubo yebhodi yezitshixo, iinkuni ezilula zisikwa kubungakanani obufunekayo emva koko zomiswe eziko. Izinto ezifanayo ezisetyenzisiweyo ekwenziweni kwebhodi yesandi zinokusetyenziselwa ukwakha amaqhosha epiyano. Izitshixo zigqunywe ngeplastikhi emnyama namhlophe ngokuchasene nexesha elidlulileyo xa kwakusetyenziswa i-ebony kunye neempondo zendlovu.

Izitshixo ezogqunywe ngeplastikhi ziyabunjwa kwaye isitshixo ngasinye siyilelwe ngokukodwa kwaye sasikwa. Imingxunya iyagrunjwa phantsi kwezitshixo ukuze kulingane izikhonkwane. Izikere zeCapstan zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa izitshixo ezikhoyo. Okulandelayo, amaqhosha angama-88 asikiwe, ahlawulwe ngesanti kwaye apolishwa. Ukuchaphazeleka kwezitshixo emva koko kwenzeka ngezitshixo ezibukhali nezicaba ezipeyintiweyo ezimnyama.